Dyeing process using a mixture obtained from an aerosol device comprising a liquid fatty, alcohol and surfactants

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a process for dyeing keratin fibers in which a mixture is applied to the fibers, this mixture being obtained from: •a dye composition comprising at least one oxidation dye precursor, and •an oxidizing composition comprising at least one chemical oxidizing agent, •at least one of the compositions being dispensed from a pressurized container, •the mixture of the two compositions comprising: (i) at least one C 8 -C 30  fatty alcohol that is liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure, (ii) at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, (iii) at least a compound chosen from non ionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C 16  or C 18  hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide, unsaturated C 8 -C 40  fatty acid, in acid or salified form, and mixture thereof, and also to a device suitable for performing this process.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a national stage application of PCT/EP2013/058304, filed internationally on Apr. 22, 2013, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Nos. 61/663,084, 61/663,104 and 61/663,158, all filed on Jun. 22, 2012, as well as French Application Nos. 1253737, 1253749, and 1253750, all filed Apr. 24, 2012, all of which are incorporated herein by their entireties.

The present invention relates to a process for dyeing the hair using a mixture comprising at least one liquid fatty alcohol and surfactants, the said mixture being obtained from two compositions, at least one of which is conditioned in a pressurized container, and also to a device suitable for performing this process.

Among the methods for dyeing human keratin fibres, such as the hair, mention may be made of oxidation dyeing or permanent dyeing. More particularly, this form of dyeing uses one or more oxidation dyes, usually one or more oxidation bases optionally combined with one or more couplers.

In general, oxidation bases are chosen from ortho- or para-phenylenediamines, ortho- or para-aminophenols and heterocyclic compounds. These oxidation bases are colourless or weakly coloured compounds which, when combined with oxidizing products, can give access to coloured entities.

Quite often, the shades obtained with these oxidation bases are varied by combining them with one or more couplers, these couplers being chosen especially from aromatic meta-diamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols and certain heterocyclic compounds, such as indole compounds.

The variety of the molecules used as oxidation bases and couplers allows a wide range of colours to be obtained.

Permanent dyeing processes thus consist in using with the dye composition an aqueous composition comprising at least one oxidizing agent such as hydrogen peroxide, under alkaline pH conditions in the vast majority of cases. The alkaline agent conventionally used is aqueous ammonia or other alkaline agents, such as alkanolamines.

Dye compositions may take various forms such as lotions, gels, emulsions, creams or foams.

These compositions, in particular compositions comprising oxidation dyes, are obviously oxidation-sensitive and consequently contain reducing agents or antioxidants. This oxidation-preventing action is also reinforced by means of the inert atmosphere that is occasionally used during the conditioning of these compositions.

The difficulty encountered with compositions of this type results, precisely, from their oxidation sensitivity. Specifically, during their use, they come into contact with atmospheric oxygen, which thus obliges them to be used quickly. If this is not done, the compositions become unusable after storage and are lost.

Compositions which are conditioned in pressurized containers that can prevent the composition from coming into contact with air during their use are known in the field of hair dyeing, as is described, for example, in US 2010/0236570 or FR 2 048 629.

However, the coverage of the hair, more particularly of grey hair, still remains to be improved, as does the galenical quality of the product obtained from the pressurized container.

There is an ongoing need to develop oxidation dye compositions in aerosol form which are easy to prepare and to apply and which remain sufficiently stable over time, while at the same time maintaining efficient dyeing properties, especially in terms of coverage of the hair, in particular of grey hair, but also in terms of the intensity, homogeneity and chromaticity of the coloration obtained.

This aim and others are achieved by the present invention, one subject of which is a process for dyeing keratin fibres in which a mixture is applied to the said fibres, this mixture being obtained from:

-   -   a dye composition comprising at least one oxidation dye         precursor, and     -   an oxidizing composition comprising at least one chemical         oxidizing agent,     -   at least one of the compositions being dispensed from a         pressurized device,     -   the mixture of the two compositions comprising:         -   (i) at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room             temperature and at atmospheric pressure,         -   (ii) at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant,         -   (iii) at least a compound chosen from non ionic surfactant             comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or             unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based             chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of             ethylene oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or             salified form, and mixture thereof.

The invention also relates to a device that is suitable for performing the process according to the invention, comprising:

-   -   a first container containing a dye composition comprising at         least one oxidation dye precursor, and     -   a second container containing an oxidizing composition         comprising at least one chemical oxidizing agent,     -   at least one of the containers being pressurized, and preferably         both the containers being pressurized;     -   a means for dispensing the compositions;     -   the mixture of the two compositions comprising:         -   at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol, preferably unsaturated,             that is liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric             pressure,         -   at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant,         -   at least a compound chosen from non ionic surfactant             comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or             unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based             chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of             ethylene oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or             salified form, and mixture thereof.

Preferably, the composition used in the process according to the invention is in the form of a foam that is particularly pleasant to apply.

It has a light, airy texture, which makes it particularly pleasant to use. The qualities of the foam are sufficiently long-lasting to enable uniform application of the dye product, without running.

The composition of the invention makes it possible to retain dyeing properties, such as strength of the colour, resistance to external agents (shampooing, perspiration, light) and selectivity, and most particularly coverage of grey hair.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge more clearly on reading the description and the examples that follow.

In the text hereinbelow, and unless otherwise indicated, the limits of a range of values are included in that range. The term “at least one” associated with an ingredient of the composition means “one or more”.

The terms “oxyalkylenated”, “oxyethylenated”, “oxypropylenated” and “glycerolated” cover, respectively, mono- or poly-oxyalkylenated, oxyethylenated, oxypropylenated or glycerolated compounds, unless otherwise mentioned.

Unless otherwise indicated, the contents of the ingredients present in the compositions are indicated without taking into account the content of propellant gas(es).

The human keratin fibres treated via the process according to the invention are preferably the hair.

Liquid Fatty Alcohols

The mixture used in the context of the invention comprises at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure.

In particular, the C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol(s) that are liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure are linear or branched monoalcohols, which are saturated or comprising at least one unsaturation, and preferably from one to three unsaturations, which are conjugated or non-conjugated.

Among the suitable alcohols that may be mentioned are isostearyl alcohol, octyldodecanol, 2-butyloctanol, 2-hexyldecanol, 2-undecylpentadecanol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, undecylenyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, arachidonyl alcohol and erucyl alcohol, alone or as mixtures.

The fatty alcohols of the invention are neither (poly)oxyalkylenated nor (poly)glycerolated.

The liquid fatty alcohols according to the invention are preferably unsaturated, i.e. they comprise at least one carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond. Preferably, the fatty alcohols of the invention bear in their structure one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. When several double bonds are present, there are preferably 2 or 3 of them, and they may be conjugated or unconjugated.

They may optionally comprise in their structure at least one aromatic or non-aromatic ring. They are preferably acyclic.

More particularly, the liquid unsaturated fatty alcohols of the invention are chosen from oleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, undecylenyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol (C₁₆), erucyl alcohol (C₂₂), nervonyl alcohol (C₂₄), linoleyl alcohol (C₁₈), α-linolenyl alcohol (C₁₈), γ-linolenyl alcohol (C₁₈), di-homo-γ-linolenyl alcohol (C₂₀), arachidonyl alcohol (C₂₀), eicosapentaenoyl alcohol (C₂₀), docosahexaenoyl alcohol (C₂₂) and mixture thereof.

Oleyl alcohol is most particularly preferred.

The content of C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol(s), preferably unsaturated, that are liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure preferably represents from 0.1% to 30% by weight, preferably from 1% to 20% by weight and better still from 2% to 10% by weight relative to the weight of the mixture.

The liquid fatty alcohol(s) may be in the dye composition, in the oxidizing composition or in both compositions simultaneously.

Amphoteric or Zwitterionic Surfactants

As indicated previously, the mixture used in the context of the invention comprises one or more amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants.

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants may be in the dye composition, in the oxidizing composition or in both compositions simultaneously.

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant(s), which are preferably non-silicone, that may be used in the present invention may especially be derivatives of optionally quaternized aliphatic secondary or tertiary amines, in which derivatives the aliphatic group is a linear or branched chain comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, the said amine derivatives containing at least one anionic group, for instance a carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate or phosphonate group. Mention may be made in particular of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines, sulfobetaines, (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines and (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₆-C₈)alkylsulfobetaines.

Among the optionally quaternized secondary or tertiary aliphatic amine derivatives that may be used, as defined above, mention may also be made of the compounds of respective structure (B1), (B2) or (B′2) below: R_(a)—C(O)—NH—CH₂—CH₂—N⁺(R_(b))(R_(c))—CH₂C(O)O⁻,M⁺,X⁻  (B1)

in which formula:

-   -   R_(a) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group derived from         an acid R_(a)—COOH preferably present in hydrolyzed coconut oil,         or a heptyl, nonyl or undecyl group;     -   R_(b) represents a β-hydroxyethyl group; and     -   R_(c) represents a carboxymethyl group;     -   M⁺ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal         or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an         ion derived from an organic amine; and     -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such         as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates,         (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or         (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and         ethyl sulfate; or alternatively M⁺ and X⁻ are absent;         R_(a′)—C(O)—NH—CH₂—CH₂—N(B)(B′)  (B2)

in which formula:

-   -   B represents the group —CH₂—CH₂—O—X′;     -   B′ represents the group —(CH₂)_(z)Y′, with z=1 or 2;     -   X′ represents the group —CH₂—C(O)OH, —CH₂—C(O)OZ′,         —CH₂—CH₂—C(O)OH, —CH₂—CH₂—C(O)OZ′, or a hydrogen atom;     -   Y′ represents the group —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ′, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃H or         the group —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z′;     -   Z′ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal         or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an         ion derived from an organic amine;     -   R_(a′) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid         R_(a′)—C(O)OH preferably present in hydrolyzed linseed oil or         coconut oil, an alkyl group, especially of C₁₇ and its iso form,         or an unsaturated C₁₇ group.         R_(a″)—NH—CH(Y″)—(CH₂)n-C(O)—NH—(CH₂)n′-N(Rd)(Re)  (B′2)

in which formula:

-   -   Y″ represents the group —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ″, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃H or         the group —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z″;     -   Rd and Re, independently of each other, represent a C₁-C₄ alkyl         or hydroxyalkyl radical;     -   Z″ represents a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal         or alkaline-earth metal, such as sodium, an ammonium ion or an         ion derived from an organic amine;     -   R_(a″) represents a C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyl or alkenyl group of an acid         R_(a″)C(O)OH preferably present in hydrolysed linseed oil or         coconut oil;     -   n and n′ denote, independently of each other, an integer ranging         from 1 to 3.

The compounds of formulae (B1) and (B2) are classified in the CTFA dictionary, 5th edition, 1993, under the names disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium lauroamphodiacetate, disodium caprylamphodiacetate, disodium capryloamphodiacetate, disodium cocoamphodipropionate, disodium lauroamphodipropionate, disodium caprylamphodipropionate, disodium capryloamphodipropionate, lauroamphodipropionic acid and cocoamphodipropionic acid.

By way of example, mention may be made of the cocoamphodiacetate sold by the company Rhodia under the trade name Miranol® C2M Concentrate.

Among the compounds of formula (B′2), mention may be made of the compound classified in the CTFA dictionary under the name sodium diethylaminopropyl cocoaspartamide and sold by the company Chimex under the name Chimexane HB.

Among the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactants mentioned above, use is preferably made of (C₈-C₂₀)alkylbetaines such as cocoylbetaine, and (C₈-C₂₀)alkylamido(C₃-C₈)alkylbetaines such as cocamidopropylbetaine, and the compounds of formula (B′2), and mixtures thereof. More preferentially, the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is the sodium salt of diethylaminopropyl laurylaminosuccinamate (INCI name: sodium diethylaminopropyl cocoaspartamide).

The amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant(s) preferably represent from 0.1% to 20% by weight, better still from 0.5% to 10% by weight and even better still from 1% to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture.

Preferably, the weight ratio between the unsaturated liquid fatty alcohol(s) and the amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant(s) in the mixture ranges from 0.05 to 50, more preferentially from 0.1 to 20 and more particularly from 0.5 to 5.

As indicated previously, the mixture used in the context of the invention comprises a compound chosen from one or more particular highly oxyethylenated nonionic surfactants and/or unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or salified form.

Highly Oxyethylenated Nonionic Surfactants

The nonionic surfactant(s) according to the invention may be in the dye composition, in the oxidizing composition or in both compositions simultaneously.

The surfactant used in the process according to the invention comprises a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.

Preferably, the nonionic surfactant according to the invention comprises from 20 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide and more particularly from 22 to 50 mol of ethylene oxide.

Examples of polyoxyethylenated nonionic surfactants that may be mentioned include:

-   -   oxyethylenated (C₁₆-C₁₈)alkylphenols;     -   saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, polyoxyethylenated         C₁₆-C₁₈ alcohols;     -   esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C₁₆—O₁₈         acids and of polyethylene glycols,     -   and mixture thereof.

The nonionic surfactants of the invention may comprise additional oxypropylenated or glycerolated units. In one preferred version, they do not comprise any.

Preferably, the nonionic surfactants according to the invention are fatty alkyl ethers.

As nonionic surfactants used in the invention, mention may be made of the following compounds described by their appellation according to the CTFA dictionary: ceteth-20, ceteth-23, ceteth-24, ceteth-25, ceteth-30, ceteth-40, ceteth-45, cetoleth-20, cetoleth-22, cetoleth-24, cetoleth-25, cetoleth-30, ceteareth-20, ceteareth-22, ceteareth-23, ceteareth-24, ceteareth-25, ceteareth-27, ceteareth-28, ceteareth-29, ceteareth-30, ceteareth-33, ceteareth-34, ceteareth-40, ceteareth-50, ceteareth-55, ceteareth-60, ceteareth-80, ceteareth-100, isosteareth-20, isosteareth-22, isosteareth-25, isosteareth-50, isoceteth-20, isoceteth-25, isoceteth-30, oleth-20, oleth-23, oleth-24, oleth-25, oleth-30, oleth-35, oleth-40, oleth-44, oleth50, oleth-82, steareth-20, steareth-21, steareth-25, steareth-27, steareth-30, steareth-40, steareth-50, steareth-80, steareth-100 and mixture thereof.

Preferably, the hydrocarbon-based chain is linear.

In a preferred variant of the invention, the hydrocarbon-based chain is saturated.

Preferably, the nonionic surfactant used in the process according to the invention is cetylstearyl alcohol comprising from 25 to 33 mol of ethylene oxide (ceteareth-25, ceteareth-30, ceteareth-33).

As an example of a commercial product comprising this particular surfactant, mention may be made of the commercial product Sinnowax AO sold by the company Cognis.

The nonionic surfactant(s) comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide preferably represents from 0.05% to 40% by weight, better still from 0.1% to 10% by weight and even better still from 0.2% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the mixture.

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

The unsaturated fatty acid(s) in acid or salified form may be chosen from oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, di-homo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, sorbic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid and nervonic acid, alone or as mixtures, in acid or salified form.

Even more preferentially, the unsaturated acid is oleic acid, in acid or salified form.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the content of unsaturated fatty acid(s), in acid or salified form, represents from 0.1% to 50% by weight, preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight and even more particularly from 1% to 5% by weight relative to the weight of the mixture.

The unsaturated acid(s) may be in the dye composition, in the oxidizing composition or in both compositions simultaneously.

Dye Composition

Dyes

The dye composition used in the process according to the invention comprises at least one oxidation dye precursor.

Oxidation bases and couplers may be used as oxidation dye precursors.

By way of example, the oxidation bases are chosen from para-phenylenediamines, bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines, para-aminophenols, ortho-aminophenols and heterocyclic bases, and the addition salts thereof.

Among the para-phenylenediamines that may be mentioned, for example, are para-phenylenediamine, para-toluenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dipropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 4-amino-N,N-diethyl-3-methylaniline, N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline, 4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline, 2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-para-phenylenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-hydroxymethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-3-methyl-para-phenylenediamine, N-ethyl-N-β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-(4′-aminophenyl)-para-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, N-(β-methoxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 4-aminophenylpyrrolidine, 2-thienyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethylamino-5-aminotoluene and 3-hydroxy-1-(4′-aminophenyl)pyrrolidine, and the addition salts thereof with an acid.

Among the para-phenylenediamines mentioned above, para-phenylenediamine, para-toluenediamine, 2-isopropyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2-β-hydroxyethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-para-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-para-phenylenediamine, N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-para-phenylenediamine, 2-chloro-para-phenylenediamine and 2-β-acetylaminoethyloxy-para-phenylenediamine, and the addition salts thereof with an acid, are particularly preferred.

Among the bis(phenyl)alkylenediamines that may be mentioned, for example, are N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropanol, N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine, N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine, 1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane and the addition salts thereof.

Among the para-aminophenols that may be mentioned, for example, are para-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 4-amino-3-chlorophenol, 4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol, 4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)phenol and 4-amino-2-fluorophenol, and the addition salts thereof with an acid.

Among the ortho-aminophenols that may be mentioned, for example, are 2-aminophenol, 2-amino-5-methylphenol, 2-amino-6-methylphenol and 5-acetamido-2-aminophenol, and the addition salts thereof.

Among the heterocyclic bases that may be mentioned, for example, are pyridine derivatives, pyrimidine derivatives and pyrazole derivatives.

Among the pyridine derivatives that may be mentioned are the compounds described, for example, in patents GB 1 026 978 and GB 1 153 196, for instance 2,5-diaminopyridine, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine and 3,4-diaminopyridine, and the addition salts thereof.

Other pyridine oxidation bases that are useful in the present invention are the 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine oxidation bases or the addition salts thereof described, for example, in patent application FR 2 801 308. Mention may be made, by way of example, of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 2-(acetylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 2-methoxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, (3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)methanol, 2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-5-yl)ethanol, 2-(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)ethanol, (3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-2-yl)methanol, 3,6-diaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, 3,4-diaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3,7-diamine, 7-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine-3,5-diamine, 5-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-3-ylamine, 2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-5-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol, 2-[(3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrid-7-yl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-5-ol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-ol, 3-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-7-ol and the addition salts thereof.

Among the pyrimidine derivatives that may be mentioned are the compounds described, for example, in patents DE 2359399, JP 88-169571, JP 05-63124 and EP 0 770 375 or patent application WO 96/15765, such as 2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine and addition salts thereof, and tautomeric forms thereof, when a tautomeric equilibrium exists.

Among the pyrazole derivatives that may be mentioned are the compounds described in patents DE 3843892, DE 4133957 and patent applications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, FR-A-2 733 749 and DE 195 43 988, such as 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole, 3,4-diaminopyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole, 4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole, 1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole, 4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 3,4,5-triamino-pyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole, 3,5-diamino-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole, and addition salts thereof. Use may also be made of 4,5-diamino-1-(β-methoxyethyl)pyrazole.

A 4,5-diaminopyrazole will preferably be used, and even more preferentially 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole and/or a salt thereof.

Pyrazole derivatives that may also be mentioned include diamino-N,N-dihydropyrazolopyrazolones and especially those described in patent application FR-A-2 886 136, such as the following compounds and the addition salts thereof: 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 2-amino-3-ethylamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 2-amino-3-isopropylamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 2-amino-3-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 4,5-diamino-1,2-dimethyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 4,5-diamino-1,2-diethyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 4,5-diamino-1,2-di(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 2-amino-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 2-amino-3-dimethylamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 2,3-diamino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1H,6H-pyridazino[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one, 4-amino-1,2-diethyl-5-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 4-amino-5-(3-dimethylaminopyrrolidin-1-yl)-1,2-diethyl-1,2-dihydropyrazol-3-one, 2,3-diamino-6-hydroxy-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one. 2,3-Diamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one and/or a salt thereof will preferably be used.

Use will preferably be made, as heterocyclic bases, of 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole and/or 2,3-diamino-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrazolo[1,2-a]pyrazol-1-one and/or a salt thereof.

Among the couplers that may be used in the composition used in the process according to the invention, mention may be made especially of meta-phenylenediamines, meta-aminophenols, meta-diphenols, naphthalene-based couplers, heterocyclic couplers, for instance indole derivatives, indoline derivatives, sesamol and derivatives thereof, pyridine derivatives, pyrazolotriazole derivatives, pyrazolones, indazoles, benzimidazoles, benzothiazoles, benzoxazoles, 1,3-benzodioxoles and quinolines, and the addition salts of these compounds with an acid.

These couplers are more particularly chosen from 2,4-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)benzene, 2-methyl-5-aminophenol, 5-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol, 1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene, 4-chloro-1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 2-amino-4-(β-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methoxybenzene, 1,3-diaminobenzene, 1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, sesamol, 1-amino-2-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene, α-naphthol, 6-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxyindole, 4-hydroxy-N-methylindole, 6-hydroxyindoline, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine, 1H-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 3,6-dimethylpyrazolo[3,2-c]-1,2,4-triazole and 2,6-dimethylpyrazolo[1,5-b]-1,2,4-triazole, the addition salts thereof with an acid, and mixtures thereof.

The addition salts of the oxidation bases and couplers are especially chosen from the addition salts with an acid such as the hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, sulfates, citrates, succinates, tartrates, lactates, tosylates, benzenesulfonates, phosphates and acetates.

The oxidation base(s) are each generally present in an amount of from 0.0001% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably from 0.005% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition.

The coupler(s) each generally represent from 0.0001% to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition, and preferably from 0.005% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition.

The dye composition used in the process according to the invention may contain synthetic or natural, cationic or nonionic, direct dyes.

Examples of particularly suitable direct dyes that may be mentioned include nitrobenzene dyes; azo direct dyes; azomethine direct dyes; methine direct dyes; azacarbocyanin direct dyes, for instance tetraazacarbocyanins (tetraazapentamethines); quinone and in particular anthraquinone, naphthoquinone or benzoquinone direct dyes; azine direct dyes; xanthene direct dyes; triarylmethane direct dyes; indoamine direct dyes; indigoid direct dyes; phthalocyanin direct dyes, porphyrin direct dyes and natural direct dyes, alone or as mixtures. In particular, mention may be made of direct dyes from among: azo; methine; carbonyl; azine; nitro (hetero)aryl; tri(hetero)arylmethane; porphyrin; phthalocyanine and natural direct dyes, alone or as mixtures.

When they are present, the direct dye(s) more particularly represent from 0.0001% to 10% by weight and preferably from 0.005% to 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition.

Alkaline Agent

According to a preferred variant of the invention, the dye composition comprises at least one alkaline agent.

This agent may be chosen from mineral or organic or hybrid alkaline agents, or mixtures thereof.

The mineral alkaline agent(s) are preferably chosen from aqueous ammonia, alkali carbonates or bicarbonates such as sodium or potassium carbonates and sodium or potassium bicarbonates, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or mixtures thereof.

The organic alkaline agent(s) are preferably chosen from organic amines with a pK_(b) at 25° C. of less than 12, preferably less than 10 and even more advantageously less than 6. It should be noted that it is the pK_(b) corresponding to the function of highest basicity.

Mention may be made, as hybrid compounds, of the salts of the abovementioned amines with acids, such as carbonic acid or hydrochloric acid.

The organic alkaline agent(s) are chosen, for example, from alkanolamines, oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated ethylenediamines, amino acids and the compounds having the following formula:

in which W is a C₁-C₆ alkylene residue optionally substituted with a hydroxyl group or a C₁-C₆ alkyl radical; Rx, Ry, Rz and Rt, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₆ alkyl, C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl or C₁-C₆ aminoalkyl radical.

Examples of such amines that may be mentioned include 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,3-diamino-2-propanol, spermine and spermidine.

The term “alkanolamine” means an organic amine comprising a primary, secondary or tertiary amine function, and one or more linear or branched C₁-C₈ alkyl groups bearing one or more hydroxyl radicals.

Alkanolamines such as monoalkanolamines, dialkanolamines or trialkanolamines comprising from one to three identical or different C₁-C₄ hydroxyalkyl radicals are in particular suitable for performing the invention.

Among compounds of this type, mention may be made of monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine, N-dimethylaminoethanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, triisopropanolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol, 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol and tris(hydroxymethylamino)methane.

More particularly, the amino acids that may be used are of natural or synthetic origin, in their L, D or racemic form, and comprise at least one acid function more particularly chosen from carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid and phosphoric acid functions. The amino acids can be in the neutral or ionic form.

Mention may in particular be made, as amino acids which can be used in the present invention, of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, arginine, ornithine, citrulline, asparagine, carnitine, cysteine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, lysine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, N-phenylalanine, proline, serine, taurine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine and valine.

Advantageously, the amino acids are basic amino acids comprising an additional amine function optionally included in a ring or in a ureido function.

Such basic amino acids are preferably chosen from those corresponding to the following formula:

in which R denotes a group chosen from:

The compounds corresponding to the above formula are histidine, lysine, arginine, ornithine and citrulline.

The organic amine may also be chosen from organic amines of heterocyclic type. Besides histidine that has already been mentioned in the amino acids, mention may be made in particular of pyridine, piperidine, imidazole, triazole, tetrazole and benzimidazole.

The organic amine can also be chosen from amino acid dipeptides. As amino acid dipeptides that may be used in the present invention, mention may be made especially of carnosine, anserine and balenine.

The organic amine is chosen from compounds comprising a guanidine function. As amines of this type that may be used in the present invention, besides arginine, which has already been mentioned as an amino acid, mention may be made especially of creatine, creatinine, 1,1-dimethylguanidine, 1,1-diethylguanidine, glycocyamine, metformin, agmatine, N-amidinoalanine, 3-guanidinopropionic acid, 4-guanidinobutyric acid and 2-([amino(imino)methyl]amino)ethane-1-sulfonic acid.

Mention may be made in particular of guanidine carbonate or monoethanolamine hydrochloride as hybrid compounds.

More particularly, the dye composition used in the process of the invention contains, as alkaline agent, aqueous ammonia and/or at least one alkanolamine and/or at least one basic amino acid, more advantageously aqueous ammonia and/or at least one alkanolamine. Preferably, the alkaline agent is chosen from aqueous ammonia and monoethanolamine, or a mixture thereof.

Advantageously, the dye composition has a content of alkaline agent(s) ranging from 0.01% to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 20% by weight and better still from 1% to 10% by weight relative to the weight of the said dye composition. It should be noted that this content is expressed as NH₃ in the case where the alkaline agent is aqueous ammonia.

Additional Surfactants

The dye composition may also comprise one or more additional surfactants other than the above mentioned fatty acids, amphoteric, zwitterionic, and nonionic surfactants.

In particular, the additional surfactant(s) are chosen from anionic surfactants other than the abovementioned fatty acids, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and preferentially nonionic surfactants.

The term “anionic surfactant” means a surfactant comprising, as ionic or ionizable groups, only anionic groups. These anionic groups are preferably chosen from the groups —C(O)OH, —C(O)O—, —SO₃H, —S(O)₂O—, —OS(O)₂OH, —OS(O)₂—, —P(O)OH₂, —P(O)₂O—, —P(O)C₂—, —P(OH)₂, ═P(O)OH, —P(OH)O—, ═P(O)O—, ═POH and ═PO—, the anionic parts comprising a cationic counterion such as an alkali metal, an alkaline-earth metal or an ammonium.

As examples of anionic surfactants that may be used in the dye composition according to the invention, mention may be made of alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkylamido ether sulfates, alkylarylpolyether sulfates, monoglyceride sulfates, alkylsulfonates, alkylamidesulfonates, alkylarylsulfonates, α-olefin sulfonates, paraffin sulfonates, alkylsulfosuccinates, alkylether sulfosuccinates, alkylamide sulfosuccinates, alkylsulfoacetates, acylsarcosinates, acylglutamates, alkylsulfosuccinamates, acylisethionates and N-acyltaurates, salts of alkyl monoesters of polyglycoside-polycarboxylic acids, acyllactylates, D-galactoside uronic acid salts, alkyl ether carboxylic acid salts, alkylaryl ether carboxylic acid salts, alkylamido ether carboxylic acid salts, and the corresponding non-salified forms of all these compounds, the alkyl and acyl groups of all these compounds comprising from 6 to 40 carbon atoms and the aryl group denoting a phenyl group.

These compounds can be oxyethylenated and then preferably comprise from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units.

The salts of C₆-C₂₄ alkyl monoesters of polyglycoside-polycarboxylic acids can be chosen from C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-citrates, C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-tartrates and C₆-C₂₄ alkyl polyglycoside-sulfosuccinates.

When the anionic surfactant(s) are in salt form, they may be chosen from alkali metal salts such as sodium or potassium salt and preferably sodium salt, ammonium salts, amine salts and in particular amino alcohol salts or alkaline-earth metal salts such as magnesium salts.

Examples of amino alcohol salts that may especially be mentioned include monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and triethanolamine salts, monoisopropanolamine, diisopropanolamine or triisopropanolamine salts, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol salts, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol salts and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane salts.

Alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts, and in particular sodium or magnesium salts, are preferably used.

Use is preferably made, among the anionic surfactants mentioned, of (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₆-C₂₄)alkyl ether sulfates comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide units, in particular in the form of alkali metal, ammonium, amino alcohol and alkaline-earth metal salts, or a mixture of these compounds.

In particular, it is preferable to use (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl sulfates, (C₁₂-C₂₀)alkyl ether sulfates comprising from 2 to 20 ethylene oxide units, in particular in the form of alkali metal, ammonium, amino alcohol and alkaline-earth metal salts, or a mixture of these compounds. Better still, it is preferred to use sodium lauryl ether sulfate containing 2.2 mol of ethylene oxide.

The cationic surfactant(s) that may be used in the dye composition according to the invention comprise, for example, salts of optionally polyoxyalkylenated primary, secondary or tertiary fatty amines, quaternary ammonium salts, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of quaternary ammonium salts that may especially be mentioned include:

-   -   those corresponding to the general formula (B3) below:

in which formula:

-   -   R₈ to R₁₁, which may be identical or different, represent a         linear or branched aliphatic group comprising from 1 to 30         carbon atoms, or an aromatic group such as aryl or alkylaryl, it         being understood that at least one of the groups R₈ to R₁₁         comprises from 8 to 30 carbon atoms and preferably from 12 to 24         carbon atoms; and     -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such         as that chosen from halides, acetates, phosphates, nitrates,         (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₁-C₄)alkylaryl         sulfonates, in particular methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate.         The aliphatic groups of R₈ to R₁₁ may also comprise heteroatoms         especially such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and halogens.

The aliphatic groups of R₈ to R₁₁ are chosen, for example, from C₁-C₃₀ alkyl, C₁-C₃₀ alkoxy, polyoxy(C₂-C₆)alkylene, C₁-C₃₀ alkylamide, (C₁₂-C₂₂)alkylamido(C₂-C₆)alkyl, (C₁₂-C₂₂)alkyl acetate and C₁-C₃₀ hydroxyalkyl groups, X⁻ is an anionic counterion chosen from the group of halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates and (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonates.

Among the quaternary ammonium salts of formula (B3), preference is given firstly to tetraalkylammonium chlorides, for instance dialkyldimethylammonium or alkyltrimethylammonium chlorides in which the alkyl group comprises approximately from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride, or else, secondly, distearoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium methosulfate, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate or distearoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, or else, lastly, palmitylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride or stearamidopropyldimethyl(myristyl acetate)ammonium chloride, sold under the name Ceraphyl® 70 by the company Van Dyk;

-   -   quaternary ammonium salts of imidazoline, for instance those of         formula (B4) below:

in which formula:

-   -   R₁₂ represents an alkenyl or alkyl group comprising from 8 to 30         carbon atoms, for example fatty acid derivatives of tallow;     -   R₁₃ represents a hydrogen atom, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group or an         alkenyl or alkyl group comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms;     -   R₁₄ represents a C₁-C₄ alkyl group;     -   R₁₅ represents a hydrogen atom or a C₁-C₄ alkyl group;     -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, such         as that chosen from halides, phosphates, acetates, lactates,         (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₁-C₄)alkylaryl         sulfonates.

R₁₂ and R₁₃ preferably denote a mixture of alkyl or alkenyl groups containing from 12 to 21 carbon atoms, for example tallow fatty acid derivatives, R₁₄ denotes a methyl group, and R₁₅ denotes a hydrogen atom. Such a product is sold, for example, under the name Rewoquat® W 75 by the company Rewo;

-   -   quaternary diammonium or triammonium salts, in particular of         formula (B5) below:

in which formula:

-   -   R₁₆ denotes an alkyl group comprising approximately from 16 to         30 carbon atoms, which is optionally hydroxylated and/or         interrupted with one or more oxygen atoms;     -   R₁₇ is chosen from hydrogen, an alkyl group comprising from 1 to         4 carbon atoms or a group —(CH₂)₃—N⁺(R_(16a))(R_(17a))(R_(18a)),         X⁻;     -   R_(16a), R_(17a), R_(18a), R₁₈, R₁₉, R₂₀ and R₂₁, which may be         identical or different, are chosen from hydrogen and an alkyl         group comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and     -   X⁻, which may be identical or different, represent an organic or         inorganic anionic counterion, such as that chosen from halides,         acetates, phosphates, nitrates, (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates,         (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₁-C₄)alkylaryl sulfonates, in particular         methyl sulfate and ethyl sulfate.

Such compounds are, for example, Finquat CT-P, sold by the company Finetex (Quaternium 89), and Finquat CT, sold by the company Finetex (Quaternium 75);

-   -   quaternary ammonium salts containing one or more ester         functions, such as those of formula (B6) below:

in which formula:

-   -   R₂₂ is chosen from C₁-C₆ alkyl groups and C₁-C₆ hydroxyalkyl or         C₁-C₆ dihydroxyalkyl groups,     -   R₂₃ is chosen from:         -   the group

-   -   -   linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁-C₂₂             hydrocarbon-based groups R₂₇,         -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₅ is chosen from:         -   the group

-   -   -   linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁-C₆             hydrocarbon-based groups R₂₉,         -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₄, R₂₆ and R₂₈, which are identical or different, are chosen         from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₇-C₂₁         hydrocarbon groups;

    -   r, s and t, which may be identical or different, are integers         ranging from 2 to 6,

    -   r1 and t1, which may be identical or different, are equal to 0         or 1, with r2+r1=2r and t1+t2=2t,

    -   y is an integer ranging from 1 to 10,

    -   x and z, which may be identical or different, are integers         ranging from 0 to 10,

    -   X⁻ represents an organic or inorganic anionic counterion, with         the proviso that the sum x+y+z equals from 1 to 15, that, when x         is 0, then R₂₃ denotes R₂₇ and that, when z is 0, then R₂₅         denotes R₂₉.

The alkyl groups R₂₂ may be linear or branched, and more particularly linear.

Preferably, R₂₂ denotes a methyl, ethyl, hydroxyethyl or dihydroxypropyl group, and more particularly a methyl or ethyl group.

Advantageously, the sum x+y+z is from 1 to 10.

When R₂₃ is an R₂₇ hydrocarbon-based group, it may be long and may contain from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, or may be short and may contain from 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

When R₂₅ is an R₂₉ hydrocarbon-based group, it preferably contains 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

Advantageously, R₂₄, R₂₆ and R₂₈, which are identical or different, are selected from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₁-C₂₁ hydrocarbon-based groups, and more particularly from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₁-C₂₁ alkyl and alkenyl groups.

Preferably, x and z, which may be identical or different, are equal to 0 or 1.

y is advantageously equal to 1.

Preferably, r, s and t, which may be identical or different, equal 2 or 3, and even more particularly are equal to 2.

The anionic counterion X⁻ is preferably a halide, such as chloride, bromide or iodide; a (C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfate or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl- or (C₁-C₄)alkylarylsulfonate. However, it is possible to use methanesulfonate, phosphate, nitrate, tosylate, an anion derived from an organic acid, such as acetate or lactate, or any other anion that is compatible with the ammonium containing an ester function.

The anionic counterion X⁻ is even more particularly chloride, methyl sulfate or ethyl sulfate.

Use is made more particularly in the dye composition according to the invention of the ammonium salts of formula (B6) in which:

-   -   R₂₂ denotes a methyl or ethyl group,     -   x and y are equal to 1,     -   z is equal to 0 or 1,     -   r, s and t are equal to 2,     -   R₂₃ is chosen from:         -   the group

-   -   -   methyl, ethyl or C₁₄-C₂₂ hydrocarbon-based groups,         -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₅ is chosen from:         -   the group

-   -   -   a hydrogen atom,

    -   R₂₄, R₂₆ and R₂₈, which may be identical or different, are         chosen from linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₃-C₁₇         hydrocarbon-based groups, and preferably from linear or         branched, saturated or unsaturated C₁₃-C₁₇ alkyl and alkenyl         groups.

    -   Advantageously, the hydrocarbon-based radicals are linear.

Among the compounds of formula (B6), examples that may be mentioned include salts, especially the chloride or methyl sulfate, of diacyloxyethyldimethylammonium, diacyloxyethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium, monoacyloxyethyldihydroxyethylmethylammonium, triacyloxyethylmethylammonium or monoacyloxyethylhydroxyethyldimethylammonium, and mixtures thereof. The acyl groups preferably contain 14 to 18 carbon atoms and originate more particularly from a plant oil such as palm oil or sunflower oil. When the compound contains several acyl groups, these groups may be identical or different.

These products are obtained, for example, by direct esterification of triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, an alkyldiethanolamine or an alkyldiisopropanolamine, which are optionally oxyalkylenated, with fatty acids or with fatty acid mixtures of plant or animal origin, or by transesterification of the methyl esters thereof. This esterification is followed by a quaternization by means of an alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide, preferably methyl or ethyl halide, a dialkyl sulfate, preferably dimethyl or diethyl sulfate, methyl methanesulfonate, methyl para-toluenesulfonate, glycol chlorohydrin or glycerol chlorohydrin.

Such compounds are sold, for example, under the names Dehyquart® by the company Henkel, Stepanquat® by the company Stepan, Noxamium® by the company Ceca or Rewoquat® WE 18 by the company Rewo-Witco.

The dye composition according to the invention may contain, for example, a mixture of quaternary ammonium monoester, diester and triester salts with a weight majority of diester salts.

It is also possible to use the ammonium salts containing at least one ester function that are described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,874,554 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,137,180.

Use may be made of behenoylhydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride sold by KAO under the name Quatarmin BTC 131.

Preferably, the ammonium salts containing at least one ester function contain two ester functions.

Among the cationic surfactants that may be present in the dye composition according to the invention, it is more particularly preferred to choose cetyltrimethylammonium, behenyltrimethylammonium and dipalmitoylethyl-hydroxyethylmethylammonium salts, and mixtures thereof, and more particularly behenyltrimethylammonium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, and dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylammonium methosulfate, and mixtures thereof.

Examples of nonionic surfactants that may be used in the dye composition used according to the invention are described, for example, in the Handbook of Surfactants by M. R. Porter, published by Blackie & Son (Glasgow and London), 1991, pp. 116-178. They are especially chosen from alcohols, α-diols and (C₁-C₂₀)alkylphenols, these compounds being etherified with ethoxylated, propoxylated and/or glycerolated groups, and containing at least one fatty chain comprising, for example, from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, it being possible for the number of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide groups to range especially from 1 to 100, more particularly from 2 to 50 and even more particularly from 2 to 30, and for the number of glycerol groups to range especially from 1 (problem with the glycerolated groups illustrated) to 30.

Mention may also be made of copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, optionally oxyethylenated fatty acid esters of sorbitan, fatty acid esters of sucrose, oxyalkylenated fatty acid esters, optionally oxyalkylenated alkyl polyglycosides, alkyl glucoside esters, derivatives of N-alkyl glucamine and of N-acyl methylglucamine, aldobionamides and amine oxides.

The nonionic surfactants are more particularly chosen from oxyalkylenated or glycerolated nonionic surfactants other than the non inionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.

The oxyalkylene units are more particularly oxyethylene or oxypropylene units, or a combination thereof, preferably oxyethylene units.

Examples of oxyalkylenated or glycerolated nonionic surfactants that may be mentioned include:

-   -   oxyalkylenated (C₈-C₂₄)alkylphenols;     -   saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated or         glycerolated C₈-C₃₀ alcohols;     -   saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, oxyalkylenated         C₈-C₃₀ amides;     -   esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C₈-C₃₀         acids and of polyethylene glycols;     -   oxyethylenated esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or         branched C₈-C₃₀ acids and of sorbitol;     -   saturated or unsaturated oxyethylenated vegetable oils;     -   condensates of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide, inter         alia, alone or as mixtures;     -   oxyethylenated and/or oxypropylenated silicones.

The surfactants contain a number of moles of ethylene oxide and/or of propylene oxide ranging from 1 to 100, preferably from 2 to 50 and preferably from 2 to 30. Advantageously, the nonionic surfactants do not comprise any oxypropylene units.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the oxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants are chosen from oxyethylenated C₈-C₃₀ alcohols comprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, preferably from 2 to 50 and more particularly from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; oxyethylenated esters of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₈-C₃₀ acids and of sorbitol comprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide.

As examples of glycerolated nonionic surfactants, glycerolated C₈-C₄₀ alcohols are preferably used.

Examples of compounds of this type that may be mentioned include lauryl alcohol containing 4 mol of glycerol (INCI name: Polyglyceryl-4 Lauryl Ether), lauryl alcohol containing 1.5 mol of glycerol, oleyl alcohol containing 4 mol of glycerol (INCI name: Polyglyceryl-4 oleyl Ether), oleyl alcohol containing 2 mol of glycerol (INCI name: Polyglyceryl-2 oleyl Ether), cetearyl alcohol containing 2 mol of glycerol, cetearyl alcohol containing 6 mol of glycerol, oleocetyl alcohol containing 6 mol of glycerol, and octadecanol containing 6 mol of glycerol.

Among the glycerolated alcohols, it is more particularly preferred to use the C₈/C₁₀ alcohol containing 1 mol of glycerol, the C₁₀/C₁₂ alcohol containing 1 mol of glycerol and the C₁₂ alcohol containing 1.5 mol of glycerol.

Preferably, the additional surfactant(s) are chosen from nonionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants. More particularly, the additional surfactant(s) present in the composition are chosen from nonionic surfactants.

Preferably, the additional surfactant(s), when they are present, are chosen from oxyalkylenated, particularly oxyethylenated, oxypropylenated or glycerolated, nonionic surfactants, or a combination thereof, more particularly oxyethylenated or glycerolated, or mixtures thereof, said oxyethylenated surfactant being different from the non ionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.

Even more preferentially, the nonionic surfactants are chosen from oxyethylenated sorbitol esters, oxyethylenated fatty alcohols and glycerolated fatty alcohols, and mixtures thereof.

In the dye composition, the amount of additional surfactant(s), when they are present, preferably ranges from 0.1% to 50% by weight and better still from 0.5% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the said composition.

Medium

The medium of the dye composition according to the invention is advantageously an aqueous medium. It may also comprise one or more organic solvents.

Examples of organic solvents that may be mentioned include linear or branched and preferably saturated monoalcohols or diols, comprising 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol), neopentyl glycol and 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, butylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and propylene glycol; aromatic alcohols such as benzyl alcohol or phenylethyl alcohol; polyols containing more than two hydroxyl functions, such as glycerol; polyol ethers, for instance ethylene glycol monomethyl, monoethyl or monobutyl ether, propylene glycol or ethers thereof, for instance propylene glycol monomethyl ether; and also diethylene glycol alkyl ethers, especially C₁-C₄ alkyl ethers, for instance diethylene glycol monoethyl ether or monobutyl ether, alone or as a mixture.

The organic solvents, when they are present, generally represent between 1% and 40% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition, and preferably between 5% and 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the dye composition.

The dye composition is preferably aqueous. In this case, it preferably comprises from 30% to 95% by weight of water, better still from 40% to 90% by weight of water and even better still from 50% to 85% by weight of water relative to the total weight of the dye composition.

The pH of the dye composition, if it is aqueous, is generally between 3 and 12 and preferably between 5 and 11. Preferentially between 7 and 11, limits included.

It may be adjusted to the desired value by means of acidifying or basifying agents usually used in the dyeing of keratin fibres, and in particular the alkaline agents of the invention mentioned above.

Fatty Substances

The dye composition may optionally comprise one or more fatty substances.

The term “fatty substance” means an organic compound that is insoluble in water at ordinary temperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg) (solubility of less than 5%, preferably less than 1% and even more preferentially less than 0.1%). They exhibit, in their structure, at least one hydrocarbon chain comprising at least 6 carbon atoms or a sequence of at least two siloxane groups. In addition, the fatty substances are generally soluble in organic solvents under the same temperature and pressure conditions, for instance chloroform, dichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, benzene, toluene, tetrahydrofuran (THF), liquid petroleum jelly or decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.

The fatty substances of the invention do not contain any salified or unsalified carboxylic acid groups (COOH or COO—).

Particularly, the fatty substances of the invention are neither (poly)oxyalkylenated nor (poly)glycerolated.

The term “oil” means a “fatty substance” that is liquid at room temperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg).

The term “non-silicone oil” means an oil not containing any silicon atoms (Si) and the term “silicone oil” means an oil containing at least one silicon atom.

More particularly, the fatty substances are chosen from C₆-C₁₆ hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons containing more than 16 carbon atoms, non-silicone oils of animal origin, plant oils of triglyceride type, synthetic triglycerides, fluoro oils, fatty alcohols other than the abovementioned liquid fatty alcohols, fatty acid and/or fatty alcohol esters other than triglycerides and plant waxes, non-silicone waxes and silicones, and mixtures thereof.

It is recalled that the fatty alcohols, esters and acids more particularly have at least one linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group comprising 6 to 30 and better still from 8 to 30 carbon atoms, which is optionally substituted, in particular with one or more hydroxyl groups (in particular 1 to 4). If they are unsaturated, these compounds may comprise one to three conjugated or unconjugated carbon-carbon double bonds.

As regards the C₆-C₁₆ hydrocarbons, they are linear, branched or optionally cyclic, and are preferably alkanes. Examples that may be mentioned include hexane, dodecane and isoparaffins such as isohexadecane and isodecane.

A hydrocarbon-based oil of animal origin that may be mentioned is perhydrosqualene.

The triglyceride oils of plant or synthetic origin are preferably chosen from liquid fatty acid triglycerides containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, for instance heptanoic or octanoic acid triglycerides, or alternatively, for example, sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil, marrow oil, grapeseed oil, sesame seed oil, hazelnut oil, apricot oil, macadamia oil, arara oil, castor oil, avocado oil, caprylic/capric acid triglycerides, for instance those sold by the company Stéarineries Dubois or those sold under the names Miglyol® 810, 812 and 818 by the company Dynamit Nobel, jojoba oil and shea butter oil.

The linear or branched hydrocarbons of mineral or synthetic origin having more than 16 carbon atoms are preferably chosen from liquid paraffins, petroleum jelly, liquid petroleum jelly, polydecenes or hydrogenated polyisobutene, such as Parleam®.

As regards the C₆-C₁₆ alkanes, they are linear or branched, and possibly cyclic. Examples that may be mentioned include hexane, dodecane and isoparaffins such as isohexadecane and isodecane.

As oils of animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic origin that may be used in the composition of the invention, examples that may be mentioned include:

the fluoro oils that may be chosen from perfluoromethylcyclopentane and perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, sold under the names Flutec® PC1 and Flutec® PC3 by the company BNFL Fluorochemicals; perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane; perfluoroalkanes such as dodecafluoropentane and tetradecafluorohexane, sold under the names PF 5050® and PF 5060® by the company 3M, or bromoperfluorooctyl sold under the name Foralkyl® by the company Atochem; nonafluoromethoxybutane and nonafluoroethoxyisobutane; perfluoromorpholine derivatives such as 4-trifluoromethyl perfluoromorpholine sold under the name PF 5052® by the company 3M.

The fatty alcohols other than the liquid fatty alcohols which are suitable for the implementation of the invention are more particularly chosen from fatty alcohols which are solid at room temperature and atmospheric pressure.

More particularly, the fatty alcohol(s) are chosen from saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched alcohols comprising from 8 to 30 carbon atoms. Preferably, the fatty alcohol(s) are chosen from saturated and linear fatty alcohols comprising from 8 to 30 and preferably from 10 to 22 carbon atoms.

Mention may be made, for example, of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol and the mixture thereof (cetearyl alcohol).

As regards the esters of a fatty acid and/or of fatty alcohols solid or liquid, which are advantageously different from the triglycerides mentioned previously, mention may be made especially of esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁-C₂₆ aliphatic monoacids or polyacids and of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁-C₂₆ aliphatic monoalcohols or polyalcohols, the total carbon number of the esters being greater than or equal to 6 and more advantageously greater than or equal to 10.

Among the monoesters, mention may be made of dihydroabietyl behenate; octyldodecyl behenate; isocetyl behenate; cetyl lactate; C₁₂-C₁₅ alkyl lactate; isostearyl lactate; lauryl lactate; linoleyl lactate; oleyl lactate; (iso)stearyl octanoate; isocetyl octanoate; octyl octanoate; cetyl octanoate; decyl oleate; isocetyl isostearate; isocetyl laurate; isocetyl stearate; isodecyl octanoate; isodecyl oleate; isononyl isononanoate; isostearyl palmitate; methylacetyl ricinoleate; myristyl stearate; octyl isononanoate; 2-ethylhexyl isononanoate; octyl palmitate; octyl pelargonate; octyl stearate; octyldodecyl erucate; oleyl erucate; ethyl and isopropyl palmitates, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl, 2-octyldodecyl, myristyl or stearyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate.

Still within the context of this variant, esters of C₄-C₂₂ dicarboxylic or tricarboxylic acids and of C₁-C₂₂ alcohols and esters of mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids and of C₂-C₂₆ di-, tri-, tetra- or pentahydroxy alcohols may also be used.

Mention may be made especially of: diethyl sebacate; diisopropyl sebacate; diisopropyl adipate; di-n-propyl adipate; dioctyl adipate; diisostearyl adipate; dioctyl maleate; glyceryl undecylenate; octyldodecyl stearoyl stearate; pentaerythrityl monoricinoleate; pentaerythrityl tetraisononanoate; pentaerythrityl tetrapelargonate; pentaerythrityl tetraisostearate; pentaerythrityl tetraoctanoate; propylene glycol dicaprylate; propylene glycol dicaprate; tridecyl erucate; triisopropyl citrate; triisostearyl citrate; glyceryl trilactate; glyceryl trioctanoate; trioctyldodecyl citrate; trioleyl citrate; propylene glycol dioctanoate; neopentyl glycol diheptanoate; diethylene glycol diisononanoate; and polyethylene glycol distearates.

Among the esters mentioned above, it is preferred to use ethyl, isopropyl, myristyl, cetyl or stearyl palmitate, 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, 2-octyldecyl palmitate, alkyl myristates such as isopropyl, butyl, cetyl or 2-octyldodecyl myristate, hexyl stearate, butyl stearate, isobutyl stearate; dioctyl malate, hexyl laurate, 2-hexyldecyl laurate, isononyl isononanoate or cetyl octanoate.

The dye composition may also comprise, as fatty ester, sugar esters and diesters of C₆-C₃₀ and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids. It is recalled that the term “sugar” means oxygen-bearing hydrocarbon-based compounds which have several alcohol functions, with or without aldehyde or ketone functions, and which comprise at least 4 carbon atoms. These sugars can be monosaccharides, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides.

Mention may be made, as suitable sugars, for example, of sucrose (or saccharose), glucose, galactose, ribose, fucose, maltose, fructose, mannose, arabinose, xylose and lactose, and derivatives thereof, in particular alkyl derivatives, such as methyl derivatives, for instance methylglucose.

The sugar esters of fatty acids may be chosen in particular from the group comprising the esters or mixtures of esters of sugars described previously and of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₆-C₃₀ and preferably C₁₂-C₂₂ fatty acids. If they are unsaturated, these compounds may comprise one to three conjugated or unconjugated carbon-carbon double bonds.

The esters according to this variant may also be chosen from mono-, di-, tri- and tetraesters, polyesters, and mixtures thereof.

These esters can, for example, be oleates, laurates, palmitates, myristates, behenates, cocoates, stearates, linoleates, linolenates, caprates, arachidonates or mixtures thereof, such as, in particular, oleate/palmitate, oleate/stearate or palmitate/stearate mixed esters.

More particularly, use is made of monoesters and diesters and in particular mono- or di-oleate, -stearate, -behenate, -oleate/palmitate, -linoleate, -linolenate or -oleate/stearate of sucrose, of glucose or of methylglucose.

An example that may be mentioned is the product sold under the name Glucate® DO by the company Amerchol, which is a methylglucose dioleate.

Examples of esters or mixtures of esters of sugar and of fatty acid that may also be mentioned include:

-   -   the products sold under the names F160, F140, F110, F90, F70 and         SL40 by the company Crodesta, respectively denoting sucrose         palmitostearates formed from 73% monoester and 27% diester and         triester, from 61% monoester and 39% diester, triester and         tetraester, from 52% monoester and 48% diester, triester and         tetraester, from 45% monoester and 55% diester, triester and         tetraester, from 39% monoester and 61% diester, triester and         tetraester, and sucrose monolaurate;     -   the products sold under the name Ryoto Sugar Esters, for         example, referenced B370 and corresponding to sucrose behenate         formed from 20% monoester and 80% diester-triester-polyester;     -   the sucrose mono-di-palmito-stearate sold by the company         Goldschmidt under the name Tegosoft® PSE.

The non-silicone wax(es) are chosen in particular from carnauba wax, candelilla wax, esparto wax, paraffin wax, ozokerite, vegetable waxes, such as olive tree wax, rice wax, hydrogenated jojoba wax or absolute flower waxes, such as the blackcurrant blossom essential wax sold by Bertin (France), or animal waxes, such as beeswaxes or modified beeswaxes (cerabellina); other waxes or waxy starting materials which can be used according to the invention are in particular marine waxes, such as that sold by Sophim under the reference M82, polyethylene waxes or polyolefin waxes in general.

The silicones that may be used in the dye composition of the present invention are volatile or non-volatile, cyclic, linear or branched silicones, which are unmodified or modified with organic groups, having a viscosity from 5×10⁻⁶ to 2.5 m²/s at 25° C., and preferably 1×10⁻⁵ to 1 m²/s.

The silicones that may be used in accordance with the invention may be in the form of oils, waxes, resins or gums.

Preferably, the silicone is chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, especially polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), and organomodified polysiloxanes comprising at least one functional group chosen from amino groups and alkoxy groups.

Organopolysiloxanes are defined in greater detail in Walter Noll's Chemistry and Technology of Silicones (1968), Academic Press. They may be volatile or non-volatile.

When they are volatile, the silicones are more particularly chosen from those having a boiling point of between 60° C. and 260° C., and more particularly still from:

(i) cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes containing from 3 to 7 and preferably from 4 to 5 silicon atoms. These are, for example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane sold in particular under the name Volatile Silicone® 7207 by Union Carbide or Silbione® 70045 V2 by Rhodia, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane sold under the name Volatile Silicone® 7158 by Union Carbide, and Silbione® 70045 V5 by Rhodia, and mixtures thereof.

Mention may also be made of cyclocopolymers of the dimethylsiloxane/methylalkylsiloxane type, such as Volatile Silicone® FZ 3109 sold by the company Union Carbide, of formula:

Mention may also be made of mixtures of cyclic polydialkylsiloxanes with organosilicon compounds, such as the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and tetra(trimethylsilyl)pentaerythritol (50/50) and the mixture of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and oxy-1,1′-bis(2,2,2′,2′,3,3′-hexatrimethylsilyloxy)neopentane;

(ii) linear volatile polydialkylsiloxanes containing 2 to 9 silicon atoms and having a viscosity of less than or equal to 5×10⁻⁶ m²/s at 25° C. An example is decamethyltetrasiloxane sold in particular under the name SH 200 by the company Toray Silicone. Silicones belonging to this category are also described in the article published in Cosmetics and Toiletries, Vol. 91, January 76, pp. 27-32, Todd & Byers, Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics.

Use is preferably made of non-volatile polydialkylsiloxanes, polydialkylsiloxane gums and resins, polyorganosiloxanes modified with the organofunctional groups above, and mixtures thereof.

These silicones are more particularly chosen from polydialkylsiloxanes, among which mention may be made mainly of polydimethylsiloxanes having trimethylsilyl end groups. The viscosity of the silicones is measured at 25° C. according to ASTM standard 445 Appendix C.

Mention may be made, among these polydialkylsiloxanes, without implied limitation, of the following commercial products:

-   -   the Silbione® oils of the 47 and 70 047 series or the Mirasil®         oils sold by Rhodia, such as, for example, the oil 70 047 V 500         000;     -   the oils of the Mirasil® series sold by Rhodia;     -   the oils of the 200 series from the company Dow Corning, such as         DC200 with a viscosity of 60 000 mm²/s;     -   the Viscasil® oils from General Electric and certain oils of the         SF series (SF 96, SF 18) from General Electric.

Mention may also be made of polydimethylsiloxanes bearing dimethylsilanol end groups known under the name dimethiconol (CTFA), such as the oils of series 48 from the company Rhodia.

In this category of polydialkylsiloxanes, mention may also be made of the products sold under the names Abil Wax® 9800 and 9801 by the company Goldschmidt, which are polydi(C₁-C₂₀)alkylsiloxanes.

The silicone gums that may be used in accordance with the invention are in particular polydialkylsiloxanes and preferably polydimethylsiloxanes with high number-average molecular weights of between 200 000 and 1 000 000, used alone or as a mixture in a solvent. This solvent can be chosen from volatile silicones, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oils, polyphenylmethylsiloxane (PPMS) oils, isoparaffins, polyisobutylenes, methylene chloride, pentane, dodecane, tridecane or their mixtures.

Products which can be used more particularly in accordance with the invention are mixtures such as:

-   -   the mixtures formed from a polydimethylsiloxane hydroxylated at         the chain end, or dimethiconol (CTFA), and from a cyclic         polydimethylsiloxane, also known as cyclomethicone (CTFA), such         as the product Q2 1401 sold by Dow Corning;     -   the mixtures of a polydimethylsiloxane gum and of a cyclic         silicone, such as the product SF 1214 Silicone Fluid from         General Electric; this product is an SF 30 gum corresponding to         a dimethicone, having a number-average molecular weight of 500         000, dissolved in the oil SF 1202 Silicone Fluid corresponding         to decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;     -   the mixtures of two PDMSs with different viscosities, and more         particularly of a PDMS gum and a PDMS oil, such as the product         SF 1236 from General Electric. The product SF 1236 is a mixture         of a gum SE 30 defined above, with a viscosity of 20 m²/s, and         of an oil SF 96 with a viscosity of 5×10⁻⁶ m²/s. This product         preferably comprises 15% of gum SE 30 and 85% of an oil SF 96.

The organopolysiloxane resins that may be used in accordance with the invention are crosslinked siloxane systems containing the following units:

R₂SiO_(2/2), R₃SiO_(1/2), RSiO_(3/2) and SiO_(4/2),

in which R represents an alkyl containing 1 to 16 carbon atoms. Among these products, those that are particularly preferred are those in which R denotes a C₁-C₄ lower alkyl group, more particularly methyl.

Mention may be made, among these resins, of the product sold under the name Dow Corning 593 or those sold under the names Silicone Fluid SS 4230 and SS 4267 by General Electric, which are silicones of dimethyl/trimethylsiloxane structure.

Mention may also be made of the resins of the trimethylsiloxysilicate type, sold especially under the names X22-4914, X21-5034 and X21-5037 by the company Shin-Etsu.

The organomodified silicones that may be used in accordance with the invention are silicones as defined above and comprising in their structure one or more organofunctional groups attached via a hydrocarbon-based group.

In addition to the silicones described above, the organomodified silicones can be polydiarylsiloxanes, in particular polydiphenylsiloxanes, and polyalkylarylsiloxanes functionalized by the abovementioned organofunctional groups.

The polyalkylarylsiloxanes are chosen particularly from linear and/or branched polydimethyl/methylphenylsiloxanes and polydimethyl/diphenylsiloxanes with a viscosity of from 1×10⁻⁵ to 5×10⁻² m²/s at 25° C.

Among these polyalkylarylsiloxanes, examples that may be mentioned include the products sold under the following names:

-   -   the Silbione® oils of the 70 641 series from Rhodia;     -   the oils of the Rhodorsil® 70 633 and 763 series from Rhodia;     -   the oil Dow Corning 556 Cosmetic Grade Fluid from Dow Corning;     -   the silicones of the PK series from Bayer, such as the product         PK20;     -   the silicones of the PN and PH series from Bayer, such as the         products PN1000 and PH1000;     -   certain oils of the SF series from General Electric, such as SF         1023, SF 1154, SF 1250 and SF 1265.

Mention may be made, among the organomodified silicones, of polyorganosiloxanes comprising:

-   -   substituted or unsubstituted amine groups, such as the products         sold under the name GP 4 Silicone Fluid and GP 7100 by the         company Genesee, or the products sold under the names Q2 8220         and Dow Corning 929 or 939 by the company Dow Corning. The         substituted amine groups are, in particular, C₁-C₄ aminoalkyl         groups;     -   alkoxylated groups, such as the product sold under the name         Silicone Copolymer F-755 by SWS Silicones, and Abil Wax® 2428,         2434 and 2440 by the company Goldschmidt.

More particularly, the fatty substances are chosen from compounds that are liquid or pasty at room temperature (25° C.) and at atmospheric pressure.

Preferably, the fatty substance is a compound that is liquid at a temperature of 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure.

The fatty substances are advantageously chosen from C₆-C₁₆ alkanes, non-silicone oils of plant, mineral or synthetic origin, fatty alcohols, and esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

Preferably, the fatty substance is chosen from liquid petroleum jelly, C₆-C₁₆ alkanes, polydecenes, liquid esters of a fatty acid and/or of a fatty alcohol, or mixtures thereof.

In a first variant of the invention, the total content of fatty substances in the mixture, when they are present, is less than 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition (mixture of the dye and oxidizing compositions). It then preferably ranges from a content of more than 0 to 19%, better still from a content of more than 0 to 15% and even better still from a content of more than 0 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition (mixture of the dye and oxidizing compositions).

In a second variant of the invention, the total content of fatty substances is greater than or equal to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition (mixture of the dye and oxidizing compositions). It then preferably ranges from 20% to 80%, better still from 30% to 75% and even better still from 50% to 70% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition (mixture of the dye and oxidizing compositions).

Other Adjuvants

The dye composition may also contain various adjuvants which are conventionally used in hair dye compositions, for instance anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers or mixtures thereof; thickeners such as crosslinked acrylic acid homopolymers, cellulose-based thickeners (with, for example, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose), guar gum and derivatives thereof (for example hydroxypropylguar), gums of microbial origin (especially xanthan gum or scleroglucan gum); mineral thickeners especially such as clays; ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride or ammonium acetate; antioxidants or reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, ammonium sulfite, bisulfite or metabisulfite, or ammonium thiolactate; penetrants, sequestrants such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic or salts thereof; fragrances; titanium oxides; buffers; dispersants; and preserving agents, or mixtures thereof.

The above adjuvants are generally present in an amount for each of them of between 0.01% and 20% by weight relative to the weight of the dye composition.

Oxidizing Composition

Chemical Oxidizing Agent

The second composition used in the process according to the invention also comprises at least one chemical oxidizing agent.

It should be noted that the oxidizing agents present in the oxidizing composition are termed “chemical” to distinguish them from atmospheric oxygen.

In particular, the chemical oxidizing agent(s) that are suitable for use in the present invention are chosen, for example, from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates or ferricyanides, peroxygenated salts, for instance persulfates, perborates, peracids and precursors thereof and percarbonates of alkali metals or alkaline-earth metals. Advantageously, the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide.

The content of oxidizing agent(s) more particularly represents from 0.1% to 20% by weight and preferably from 0.5% to 10% by weight relative to the weight of the oxidizing composition.

Additional Surfactants

The oxidizing composition may also comprise one or more additional surfactants other than the abovementioned fatty acids.

In particular, the surfactant(s) are chosen from anionic surfactants other than the abovementioned fatty acids, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants, and preferentially nonionic surfactants. Reference may be made to the list of compounds of this type given in the context of the description of the dye composition.

Preferably, these additional surfactants, if they are present, are chosen from nonionic surfactants.

Even more preferably, the oxyalkylenated nonionic surfactants are chosen from oxyethylenated C₈-C₃₀ alcohols comprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, preferably from 2 to 50 and better still from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₈-C₃₀ amides which are non-oxyalkylenated or comprise from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, preferably from 2 to 50 and better still from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide; oxyethylenated esters of linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C₈-C₃₀ acids and of sorbitol comprising from 1 to 100 mol of ethylene oxide, and mixtures thereof.

In the oxidizing composition, the amount of surfactant(s), when they are present, preferably ranges from 0.1% to 50% by weight and better still from 0.5% to 20% by weight relative to the total weight of the said composition.

Medium

The oxidizing composition is advantageously an aqueous composition. It may also comprise one or more organic solvents chosen from those listed previously, these solvents more particularly representing, when they are present, from 1% to 40% by weight and preferably from 5% to 30% by weight relative to the weight of the oxidizing composition.

The oxidizing composition also preferably comprises one or more acidifying agents. Among the acidifying agents, examples that may be mentioned include mineral or organic acids, for instance hydrochloric acid, orthophosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, carboxylic acids, for instance acetic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid or lactic acid, and sulfonic acids.

Usually, the pH of the oxidizing composition, when it is aqueous, is less than 7.

Other Adjuvants

The oxidizing composition may also contain various conventionally used adjuvants, for instance anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric or zwitterionic polymers or mixtures thereof; thickeners such as crosslinked acrylic acid homopolymers, cellulose-based thickeners (with, for example, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose or carboxymethylcellulose), guar gum and derivatives thereof (for example hydroxypropylguar), gums of microbial origin (especially xanthan gum or scleroglucan gum); sequestrants such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic or salts thereof; fragrances; and preserving agents, or mixtures thereof.

The above adjuvants are generally present in an amount for each of them of between 0.01% and 20% by weight relative to the weight of the oxidizing composition.

Propellant Gas

As has been indicated previously, at least one of the dye and/or oxidizing compositions used in the process according to the invention is dispensed from a pressurized container. In other words, the mixture used in the process according to the invention comprises (initially) one or more propellant gases.

It should be noted that, in the context of the invention, the propellant gas may be employed to enable the expulsion of the composition(s), but also to facilitate or bring about their expansion.

As indicated previously, at least one of the compositions comprises at least one propellant gas, and preferably both the compositions comprise at least one propellant gas. In other words, the gas(es) are mixed with the composition.

As propellant gases that are suitable for use in the invention, mention may be made of the gases usually used in the cosmetic field, in particular optionally halogenated volatile hydrocarbons, for example n-butane, propane, isobutane or pentane, and halogenated derivatives thereof; carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, dimethyl ether and nitrogen, alone or as mixtures.

Preferably, the propellant gas(es) are chosen from alkanes and in particular from n-butane, propane and isobutane, and mixtures thereof.

The gases are under pressure, more particularly at least partially in liquid form.

In the preferred case in which each of the compositions comprises at least one propellant gas, these gases may be identical or different from one composition to another, whether as regards the nature of the gas(es) or as regards the respective proportions thereof if it is a case of mixtures.

Preferably, the content of propellant gas(es) represents a content ranging from 1% to 30% by weight relative to the weight of the composition, and preferably from 2% to 15% by weight relative to the weight of the composition in which they are present.

Device

The mixture applied to the fibres is thus obtained from the mixing of the dye and oxidizing compositions described previously.

The mixture may be obtained from a single pressurized container comprising either the oxidizing composition or the dye composition as described previously, the said composition being mixed before use with a composition (the dye composition or the oxidizing composition, respectively) obtained from a non-pressurized container such as a bottle or a tube; the mixture of the two compositions comprising:

-   -   (i) at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room         temperature and at atmospheric pressure,     -   (ii) at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant,     -   (iii) at least a compound chosen from         -   non ionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising             a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈             hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at             least 20 mol of ethylene oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty             acid, in acid or salified form, and mixture thereof.

The mixture may also be obtained from a single pressurized container comprising the oxidizing composition and the dye composition as described previously in two separate pockets; the mixture of the two compositions comprising:

-   -   (i) at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room         temperature and at atmospheric pressure,     -   (ii) at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant,     -   (iii) at least a compound chosen from         -   non ionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising             a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈             hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at             least 20 mol of ethylene oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty             acid, in acid or salified form, and mixture thereof.

Preferably, the said mixture used in the context of the invention is obtained from a device comprising:

-   -   a first container containing the dye composition described         previously, and     -   a second container containing the oxidizing composition also         described previously,     -   at least one of the containers being pressurized, and preferably         both the containers being pressurized;     -   a means for dispensing the compositions;     -   the mixture of the two compositions comprising:         -   (i) at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room             temperature and at atmospheric pressure,         -   (ii) at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant,         -   (iii) at least a compound chosen from             -   non ionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part                 comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or                 branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a                 hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene                 oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or                 salified form, and mixture thereof.

Preferably, a means for dispensing each composition is mounted on each container.

One or both the containers may have rigid walls and directly contain the composition.

As a variant, one or both the containers may have rigid walls and include a flexible-walled pocket which contains the composition.

According to this embodiment, either the dye composition is in a pocket, or the oxidizing composition is in a pocket, or both of them are.

According to this configuration, the composition in the pocket may comprise no propellant gas, this gas being located in the volume defined between the rigid walls of the container and the pocket.

Preferably, the composition contained in the pocket comprises itself also at least one propellant gas.

According to another variant, the device comprises a first rigid-walled container which contains one or the other of the dye or oxidizing compositions, the first rigid-walled container including a flexible pocket which itself contains the other of the dye or oxidizing compositions and which constitutes a second container.

According to another variant, which is preferred, the device comprises two rigid-walled containers, preferably without a pocket, each containing a composition.

The device comprises a means for dispensing the compositions, the means comprising at least one dispensing valve mounted on the container(s).

Preferably, the means for dispensing the compositions comprises two dispensing valves, each valve being mounted on a container.

The valve(s) are in selective fluid communication with the interior of the container(s) via an inlet orifice of the valve, the communication being established in response to the actuation of an actuating means, such as a push button.

When the device comprises a first rigid-walled container which includes a flexible pocket, only one valve is provided for dispensing the two compositions. The valve is then equipped with two inlet orifices, one of the orifices being able to communicate with the interior of the pocket and the other with the volume defined between the pocket and the rigid walls of the container.

When the containers do not include a pocket, they are equipped with a dip tube for conveying the composition to the inlet orifice of the dispensing valve.

When the containers include a pocket, the valve inlet orifice opens into the pocket.

The device may comprise at least one diffuser which caps the valve(s). According to a first variant, the device comprises a single diffuser which caps the two valves. According to a second variant, the device comprises two diffusers, each independently capping a valve.

The push button may form part of the diffuser.

The diffuser may be equipped with one or more dispensing ducts provided to convey the composition(s) to one or more dispensing orifices.

When the device comprises two diffusers, each of the diffusers is equipped with a duct for conveying the composition between the valve outlet orifice and a dispensing orifice.

When the device comprises a single diffuser, it may be equipped with two ducts for conveying the compositions, each duct communicating with the outlet orifice of a valve.

According to a first embodiment, the two ducts each arrive at a dispensing orifice (not communicating with each other before the dispensing orifice). According to this configuration, the mixing of the compositions does not take place until after they have been dispensed (and thus after the dispensing orifices).

According to a second embodiment, the two ducts arrive in a mixing chamber, from which a single duct is directed towards a single dispensing orifice. According to this configuration, the mixing of the compositions takes place just before the mixture is expelled from the device.

Preferably, the two ducts each open directly onto a dispensing orifice.

When the device comprises two diffusers, namely when it comprises two containers, on each of which is mounted a valve and a diffuser specific thereto, the two containers may be free relative to each other, i.e. not integrally attached.

As a variant, the two containers may be integrally attached, for example by means of an outer envelope partly covering the containers (especially a thermoformed film or a metallic or plasticized rigid envelope), or alternatively by means of notches made in the outer wall of each container, enabling them to be fastened together.

When the device comprises a single diffuser which caps the two valves, this diffuser enables the two containers to be integrally attached. In this case, an outer envelope partly covering the containers may also be envisaged.

In accordance with a particular embodiment of the invention, the device comprises two containers with integrally attached walls, the device enabling the compositions to be dispensed concomitantly, via one or, preferably, two dispensing orifices.

Preferably, according to this embodiment, the containers are rigid, a dispensing valve being mounted on each of the containers, a single diffuser capping the two valves.

Needless to say, the devices are designed such that the dye and oxidizing compositions come into contact at the time of application of the mixture obtained.

Mixture

Advantageously, the mixture of the dye composition and of the oxidizing composition, used in the process according to the invention, and which is applied to the fibres, is in the form of a foam, which is thus produced just before it is applied.

More particularly, the dye composition which is dispensed (obtained) from a pressurized container is in the form of a cream, a gel or a foam, preferably in the form of a foam.

Moreover, the oxidizing composition which is dispensed (obtained) from a pressurized container is in the form of a cream, a gel or a foam, preferably in the form of a foam.

The pH of the mixture of the dye and oxidizing compositions is advantageously between 3 and 12, preferably between 5 and 11 and preferentially between 7 and 11, limits inclusive.

It should be noted that the dispensing valve(s), and similarly the content of propellant gas(es), are adapted so as to enable the compositions to be dispensed in suitable respective proportions.

In practice, the dye composition/oxidizing composition weight ratio in the dispensed mixture ranges from 0.25 to 4 and preferably from 0.5 to 2.

Even more preferentially, this ratio is 1.

The dyeing process according to the invention consists in applying the mixture thus obtained to wet or dry human keratin fibres for a time sufficient to develop the desired coloration.

According to the invention, the mixture obtained according to the process of the invention is applied to keratin fibres preferably in the form of a foam.

The dyeing process is generally performed at room temperature (between 15 and 25° C.) and up to temperatures that may be as high as 60° C. to 80° C.

After a leave-on time of from one minute to one hour and preferably from 5 minutes to 30 minutes, the human keratin fibres are rinsed with water, and optionally washed with a shampoo and then rinsed with water.

The example that follows serves to illustrate the invention without, however, being limiting in nature.

EXAMPLE

Dye Composition (Contents Expressed in g % in Native Form):

Ingredients Concentration Polyglycerolated (2 mol) oleyl alcohol (Chimexane NC; sold 4 by the company Chimex) Polyglycerolated (4 mol) oleyl alcohol (78% by weight; 7.69 Chimexane NB, sold by the company Chimex) Oleic acid 3 Oxyethylenated (2 OE) oleylamine (Rhodameen O2/V sold 7 by the company Rhodia) Diethylaminopropyl laurylaminosuccinamate, sodium salt, 5.45 as an aqueous solution Oleyl alcohol 5 Carboxylic acid (50% linear 70/30 C₁₃/C₁₅)alkyl ether 10 monoethanolamide (2 OE) (Amidet A15/LAO 55, sold by the company Kao) Denatured 96° ethyl alcohol 5 Propylene glycol 9.7 Fragrance 0.75 Hexylene glycol 9.3 Erythorbic acid 0.12 Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, pentasodium salt, as 2.4 an aqueous 40% solution Powdered sodium metabisulfite 0.45 Ammonium acetate 0.8 1-Methyl-2,5-diaminobenzene 0.15 1,3-Bis[(4-aminophenyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol 0.01 tetrahydrochloride 1,3-Dihydroxybenzene 0.10 2-Methyl-1,3-dihydroxybenzene 0.05 1-Hydroxy-3-aminobenzene 0.01 Aqueous ammonia (20% concentration of ammonia) 10.2 Deionized water qs 100 Oxidizing Composition (Contents Expressed in g % in Native Form):

Chemical name Concentration Mixture of cetylstearyl alcohol/oxyethylenated (33 OE) 2.85 cetylstearyl alcohol (Sinnowax AO sold by the company Cognis) (50% linear 70/30 C₁₃/C₁₅)alkyl ether carboxylic acid 0.85 monoethanolamide (2 OE) Glycerol 0.5 Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate 0.02 Disodium tin hexahydroxide 0.04 Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, pentasodium salt as 0.15 an aqueous 40% solution 50% hydrogen peroxide solution 12 Phosphoric acid q.s. for pH 2.2 Deionized water qs for 100

Each of the above compositions is conditioned in an aerosol container in the presence of the following propellant gases, in a composition/propellant gases weight ratio of 94/6.

-   -   Dye composition: 50% propane, 35% n-butane, 15% i-butane     -   Oxidizing composition: 25% propane, 40% n-butane, 35% i-butane

The two aerosols are integrally attached via a dispensing head incorporating the two dispensing channels deriving from the two pressurized containers, the mixing of the two compositions in a weight ratio of 1/1 not taking place until immediately after exiting the dispensing head.

The resulting mixture is left on the fibres for 30 minutes at room temperature (25° C.).

A natural light shade, which covers grey hair well, is obtained.

The same result is obtained when the mixture of cetylstearyl alcohol/oxyethylenated (33 OE) cetylstearyl alcohol is replaced by ceteareth-30 or ceteareth-25. 

The invention claimed is:
 1. A process for dyeing keratin fibers comprising: (a) preparing a cosmetic mixture by mixing: a dye composition comprising at least one oxidation dye precursor, and an oxidizing composition comprising at least one chemical oxidizing agent; and (b) applying said cosmetic mixture to said keratin fibers; wherein at least one of the dye composition and the oxidizing composition comprises at least one propellant gas; wherein the mixture comprises: (i) at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure, (ii) at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, chosen from the compounds corresponding to formula (B′2): R_(a″)—NH—CH(Y″)—(CH₂)n-C(O)—NH—(CH₂)n′-N(Rd)(Re)  (B′2) wherein: Y″ is chosen from —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ″, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃H, or —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z″; Rd and Re are, independently, chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyls or hydroxyalkyl radicals; Z″ is a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal; R_(a″) is chosen from C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyls or alkenyl group of an acid R_(a″)C(O)OH, optionally present in hydrolysed linseed oil or coconut oil; and n and n′ are, independently, equal to an integer ranging from 1 to 3, and (iii) at least one compound chosen from non ionic surfactants comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain, and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or salified form, or mixtures thereof; and further wherein at least one of the dye composition and the oxidizing composition is dispensed from a pressurized container prior to said mixing.
 2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol is chosen from unsaturated liquid fatty alcohols, oleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, undecylenyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, nervonyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, α-linolenyl alcohol, γ-linolenyl alcohol, di-homo-γ-linolenyl alcohol, arachidonyl alcohol, eicosapentaenoyl alcohol, docosahexaenoyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
 3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the unsaturated liquid fatty alcohols are chosen from oleyl alcohol, linolenyl alcohol, undecylenyl alcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, nervonyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, α-linolenyl alcohol, γ-linolenyl alcohol, di-homo-γ-linolenyl alcohol, arachidonyl alcohol, eicosapentaenoyl alcohol, docosahexaenoyl alcohol, or mixtures thereof.
 4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol is unsaturated and is present in the cosmetic mixture in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic mixture.
 5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is chosen from the sodium salt of diethylaminopropyl laurylaminosuccinamate.
 6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant is present in the cosmetic mixture in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic mixture.
 7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic mixture contains at least one nonionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide.
 8. The process according to claim 7, wherein the nonionic surfactant is chosen from: oxyethylenated (C₁₆-C₁₈)alkylphenols; saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, polyoxyethylenated C₁₆-C₁₈ alcohols; esters of saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C₁₆-C₁₈ acids and of polyethylene glycols, or mixtures thereof.
 9. The process according to claim 7, wherein the nonionic surfactant is a fatty alkyl ether.
 10. The process according to claim 7, wherein the nonionic surfactant is chosen from ceteth-20, ceteth-23, ceteth-24, ceteth-25, ceteth-30, ceteth-40, ceteth-45, cetoleth-20, cetoleth-22, cetoleth-24, cetoleth-25, cetoleth-30, ceteareth-20, ceteareth-22, ceteareth-23, ceteareth-24, ceteareth-25, ceteareth-27, ceteareth-28, ceteareth-29, ceteareth-30, ceteareth-33, ceteareth-34, ceteareth-40, ceteareth-50, ceteareth-55, ceteareth-60, ceteareth-80, ceteareth-100, isosteareth-20, isosteareth-22, isosteareth-25, isosteareth-50, isoceteth-20, isoceteth-25, isoceteth-30, oleth-20, oleth-23, oleth-24, oleth-25, oleth-30, oleth-35, oleth-40, oleth-44, oleth-50, oleth-82, steareth-20, steareth-21, steareth-25, steareth-27, steareth-30, steareth-40, steareth-50, steareth-80, steareth-100 and mixtures thereof.
 11. The process according to claim 7, wherein the at least one nonionic surfactant comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide is present in the cosmetic mixture in an amount ranging from about 0.05% to about 40% by weight, relative to the total weight of the cosmetic mixture.
 12. The process according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic mixture comprises at least one unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or salified form.
 13. The process according to claim 12, wherein the at least one unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid is chosen from linear or branched, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acids, optionally bearing one or more hydroxyl groups, and containing from one to six unsaturations, conjugated or non-conjugated, and are in acid or salified form.
 14. The process according to claim 13, wherein the at least one unsaturated fatty acid is chosen from oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, di-homo-γ-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, sorbic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, palmitoleic acid and nervonic acid, in acid or salified form, and mixtures thereof.
 15. The process according to claim 12, wherein the at least one unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid is present in the cosmetic mixture in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight, relative to the weight of the cosmetic mixture.
 16. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one propellant gas is chosen from optionally halogenated volatile hydrocarbons and halogenated derivatives thereof.
 17. The process according to claim 16, wherein the at least one propellant gas is chosen from n-butane, propane, isobutene, pentane, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, dimethyl ether, nitrogen, compressed air, and mixtures thereof.
 18. The process according to claim 1, wherein the dye composition and the oxidizing composition each comprise at least one propellant gas, which may be the same or different, wherein the at least one propellant gas is present in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 30%, relative to the weight of the composition in which it is present.
 19. The process according to claim 1, wherein the at least one chemical oxidizing agent is chosen from hydrogen peroxide, urea peroxide, alkali metal bromates or ferricyanides, peroxygenated salts and peracids, or precursors thereof.
 20. The process according to claim 1, wherein the dye composition further comprises at least one alkaline agent, chosen from aqueous ammonia, alkanolamines, amino acids, or mixtures thereof.
 21. The process according to claim 20, wherein the at least one alkaline agent is present in the dye composition in an amount ranging from about 0.01% to about 30% by weight, relative to the weight of the dye composition.
 22. The process according to claim 1, wherein the dye composition and the oxidizing composition are each in a different pressurized container, and the containers are optionally integrally attached and configured to dispense the compositions concomitantly, via one or two dispensing orifices.
 23. The process according to claim 1, wherein the cosmetic mixture of the dye composition and of the oxidizing composition, as dispensed, is in the form of a foam.
 24. A device for dispensing a cosmetic mixture for dyeing keratin fibers, said cosmetic mixture comprising: a dye composition comprising at least one oxidation dye precursor, a oxidizing composition comprising at least one chemical oxidizing agent, at least one C₈-C₃₀ fatty alcohol that is liquid at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure, at least one amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant, chosen from the compounds corresponding to formula (B′2): R_(a″)—NH—CH(Y″)—(CH₂)n-C(O)—NH—(CH₂)n′-N(Rd)(Re)  (B′2) wherein: Y″ is chosen from —C(O)OH, —C(O)OZ″, —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃H, or —CH₂—CH(OH)—SO₃—Z″; Rd and Re are, independently, chosen from C₁-C₄ alkyls or hydroxyalkyl radicals; Z″ is a cationic counterion derived from an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal; R_(a″) is chosen from C₁₀-C₃₀ alkyls or alkenyl group of an acid R_(a″)C(O)OH, optionally present in hydrolysed linseed oil or coconut oil; and n and n′ are, independently, equal to an integer ranging from 1 to 3, and at least one compound chosen from non ionic surfactants comprising a lipophilic part comprising a saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, C₁₆ or C₁₈ hydrocarbon-based chain, and a hydrophilic part comprising at least 20 mol of ethylene oxide, unsaturated C₈-C₄₀ fatty acid, in acid or salified form, or mixtures thereof; said device comprising: a first container containing the dye composition comprising at least one oxidation dye precursor, and a second container containing the oxidizing composition comprising at least one chemical oxidizing agent, wherein at least one of the dye composition and the oxidizing composition comprises at least one propellant gas; wherein at least one of the first and second containers is pressurized and equipped with a component for dispensing the cosmetic mixture of the dye and oxidizing compositions. 